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By opening on Friday morning, the 4th Forum of Avignon on the culture and economy, Nicolas Sarkozy had some reassuring news in your pocket for professionals. For him, culture is a necessary good and, in these times of economic uncertainty, we must invest voluntarily. "We have not cut the budgets of culture from three years of crisis. In contrast, the response of France to the crisis has gone through a massive investment in culture. In hard-hit areas, such as the Mosel and the North, we built the Beaubourg Metz, and the Louvre in Lens will be a success, "he said.

Before an audience of cultural professionals, including the French publishers, Nicolas Sarkozy returned to the increase of 1.5 point in the reduced VAT rate on the physical book to bring it to 7% from 1 January cash advance america."Paradoxically, this increase protects the area because all professionals have realized that it was in their interest to contribute to the effort to reduce deficits." But the head of state immediately announced a good news that has filled editors: "From 1 January, we will apply the reduced VAT rate of 7% on digital books, because there is no reason that the same cultural property should be taxed differently if it is on a support physical or digital. I hope the Commission will not oppose this initiative. "The alignment of VAT rates between the physical and the digital book (currently taxed at 19.6%) is the culmination of a struggle of several years.

The situation remains uncertain in the U.S. capital markets. Despite fears of contagion from the debt crisis in the euro area, the New York Stock Exchange was still closed up. The increase, however, is shy. The Dow Jones gained 0.14% to 12,096.16 points, the Nasdaq is 1.07% to 2686.20 points and the S & P 500 rose 0.48% to 1257.81 points.

The distrust of government bonds in Spain and Italy still has soared. Spanish borrowing rate to 10 years have in fact exceeded the critical threshold of 6% yesterday, which had not been seen since early August. Italy has in turn launched a tender coldly received.

The CAC 40 continues to change from red to green and from green to red since the opening. The benchmark index of the Paris oscillates around the equilibrium point at 3177 points, a few hours of the EU summit decisive for the future of the euro area. Differences persist between European leaders, diplomats quoted by AFP and could frepousser the signing of a major. The summit should help stabilize Greece in convincing the creditor banks to clear a portion of its debt (100 billion euros) to recapitalize the financial institutions that need it in return, and most importantly, to prevent contagion of the fire to Italy via an enhanced firewall in the euro area.

Knowing that the debt situation of Rome worries, even if the prime minister, Silvio Berlusconi, seems to have succeeded in extremis to convince its ally the Northern League to accept a pension reform required by its European partners in exchange their solidarity. Thus, the Heads of State and Government of the euro area may call Wednesday the European Central Bank (ECB) to continue its purchases of bonds to support Italy and Spain, according to a draft of their summit conclusions which Germany said, however, disagree for now.

A meeting of finance ministers canceled

Sign of the nervousness that dominates in Brussels: a meeting of EU finance ministers considered a prelude to the Summit of Heads of State and Government of Europe has been canceled.The meeting, originally convened at the request of countries outside the euro area to increase coordination with the countries of the euro, was removed from the agenda because some details of the discussions were not yet finalized, said several sources.

Furthermore, doubts remain about the effectiveness of the EU. "The European plan should improve the situation, but it will be nearly enough to end the crisis," summarized Douglas Elliot, the pole of economic studies at Brookings Institution. Clearly, all eyes are now turned towards Brussels. Prime Minister François Fillon asked Tuesday the issues preventing a failure "could push the European continent to unknown lands."

On the macroeconomic front, in France, INSEE will publish its economic survey for the month of October in the morning.For its part, the euro appears to balance against the U.S. dollar, rising 0.08% to 1.3921 dollars.

Values ​​to follow

• The banking sector, with Societe Generale (0.29% to 19.1 euros), BNP Paribas (-0.4% to 30 paydayloans.66 euros) and Credit Agricole (-0.2% to 4.9 euros) is under the spotlight as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) is considering taking part in a special investment vehicle that would be created by the European Financial Stability (EFSF). Although no decision has yet been made, officials said yesterday the euro area.

• PSA Peugeot Citroen (-2.4% to 16.45 euros) shows the largest decrease in the ACC after the revisions of its performance targets.The automaker, suffering from difficulties in the European market, also announced a plan for additional savings for 2012 of EUR 800 million which should have consequences for employment. The group also announced a new investment the order of 530 million euros in Brazil.

• Saint-Gobain (-2.2% to 32.2 euros) confirmed its 2011 objectives despite the deterioration in economic conditions which could lead to slower growth in the fourth quarter of the group.

• Ingenico (4.28% to 28.28 euros) estimated that the turmoil in the economy does not question its forecast for 2011, thanks to particularly strong sales growth in emerging and Europe, but the manufacturer of payment terminals has remained silent on the year 2012.

• Mersen (2.9% to 29 euros) which confirmed its 2011 objectives, supported by strong solar activity, and Asia, said he was careful, however, for 2012 due to economic climate remains uncertain.

• Lafuma (0.31% to 16 euros) confirmed its earnings targets for the year 2010-2011 following a growth of 1.7% of its turnover in respect of all of its financial year fiscal.

• JCDecaux (-0.34% to 19.22 euros) has renewed its contract to operate advertising space of the two airports of Lyon for a period of ten years."With more than 8 million passengers and 50 airlines serving 120 destinations direct airport Lyon Saint-Exupery Airport is the second French region's busiest," the group said in a statement.

• Danone (-0.1% to 47.9 euros) French giant Danone Agri-Food announced Wednesday the upcoming cancellation of 6.6 million of its own shares, representing 1.02% of its capital. These actions were originally intended to reward deserving employees through a stock option program, abandoned in October 2009.

• Air Liquide (-0.99% to 91.21 euros) on Wednesday released a turnover up 4.9% to 3.6 billion euros in the third quarter, a level of growth slowed due in an unfavorable comparison base and a slowdown in some markets.

The big aerospace contracts at arm's length support the French foreign trade. These two sectors have advanced temporarily to France to reduce its trade deficit by 32% to -4.967 billion euros, against -6.363 billion in July, according to Customs figures published on Friday.

"Deficit reduction is entirely due to the transport sector," stressed the customs in a statement. Remains that over the last twelve months, the gap between imports and exports widened to 66.8 billion euros, against 51.5 billion for 2010.

Exports reached on August 37.42 billion euros, up 2.9% at three months. Airbus sales have been strong high for the month of the year, thanks to the delivery of three Airbus A380 super jumbo guaranteed fast personal loans.In addition, France has delivered two satellites, one in China (112 million) and the other in the United States (130 million). The performance of aerospace and aeronautics, powered shots of large contracts, are very volatile from one month to another.

The rest of the industry has pretty well taken for export, Customs noted "particularly strong for industrial machinery and electrical equipment, industrial exports are fixed for the chemicals."

Imports in turn was driven by the manufacturing industry (chemicals, rubber, plastics, industrial machinery, etc.).. "Imports are also rising, particularly since the European Union (Ireland, Germany, UK and Netherlands), 'the Customs.

The Acting springboard to employment or siding? To find out, the Prism, employers' federation which includes 600 companies and 90% of the turnover of the sector, followed two years of 5000 interim recruited in January 2009. For 82% of them, the use of temporary was "to find a solution quickly", even if that allowing young people to gain work experience. It was just a "lifestyle choice" for 18% of the cohort.

Two years later, one in three still working as a temp. Less than one in five advanced employment center, 21% landed a CDI, CDD a 15%, 3% have returned to school and 2% left the labor market. During the period, "29% have experienced the CDI at least once," says the prism, and 38% had access to a CSD."In a period that was terrible, you get a good figure, says Arnaud de la Tour, president of Prism. This is proof that the interim is not a trap insecurity. "The young are doing well.

Nearly one out of two after two years in CDI or CDD, as against 23% still acting. "The acting is a means of integration into social and working life allowing them to move," Judge Arnold of the Tower.

Ensure the transition periods

Following this study, the Prism has established six key patterns of agency of all ages. 24% of them are "acting career" that are not seeking permanent but build their lives at the mercy missions.19% have "paths encountered" alternating tasks, periods of unemployment, sick leave, minimum social … The young, qualified and looking to get a firm foothold, make up the third block and is 17%.

Then there are the 16% who see in the interim how to ensure the transition periods between CDI, or as a means of conversion. The fifth group consists of people who want to keep their independence and get rich from others. These are often temporary "in the second half of career", graduates or students. Finally, 4% are foreigners and the interim use as "a process of professional integration."

Employment center provides 5,000 more unemployed in 2011

Employment center Tuesday revised its forecast of employment and unemployment. With growth of 1.7% in 2011, the economy should create 130,000 jobs this year, 33,900 more than in the first half.A shift is expected in 2012, where between 101,000 and 126,000 new jobs are anticipated. "The slowdown in job creation combined with the dynamism of the labor force should not be allowed to initiate a decline in unemployment," warns employment center. The number of unemployed is expected to increase this year of 5000 in category A (there is already at 32,000) and 78,000 in A, B and C (102 700). If growth remains at 1.7% in 2012, employment center predicts a decline of 5,000 unemployed and 12,000 A in A, B and C. If it drops to 1.4%, it will be an increase of 27,000 in A and 35 000 in A, B and C.

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From our special correspondent in Wroclaw.

The Europeans hoped "a dialogue between friends," the Americans had "no arrogance." Las. With the destabilization of markets and growing concern on both sides of the Atlantic, the U.S. Treasury Secretary, Tim Geithner, could not resist lecturing his seventeen counterparts in the euro area gathered Friday to Wroclaw (Poland).

The relief provided by five central banks – including the U.S. Fed – banks in the euro area will not long concealed the absence of concerted policy response to the crisis. On behalf of the Europeans, the President of the Eurogroup Jean-Claude Juncker declined projects Tim Geithner, citing "differences in approach with our American colleagues."Treasury Secretary, he has put his finger where the euro hurts: he publicly expressed concern "of the conflict between governments and the European Central Bank," a week after the sensational resignation of the Chief Economist of the ECB .

Barack Obama's America, soon launched a presidential campaign, fearing a collapse of Greece, a contagion to European banks and a possible fracture of the euro area. If the crisis deepens, it is the U.S. economy would suffer the backlash, shock reverse of that which had hit Europe after the collapse of Lehman Brothers in 2008.

The first message in Washing-ton is to push the Europeans to speak with one voice and act decisively. "Governments and the Central Bank should work together (…) to avoid catastrophic risks for financial markets," said Treasury Secretary.And he insists, denouncing the cacophony that destabilizes the common currency: "Everyone should also abstain from loose talk about the end of the euro area." Targeted: the proponents of expulsion from Greece …

Denial of a tax on financial transactions

The unprecedented invitation launched by Poland – host country because currently presiding the EU – Timothy Geithner had anything to embarrass, in turmoil, the finance ministers of the euro. We saw Baroin host the head of U.S. Treasury of a strong handshake in Wroclaw. But the Euro has carefully kept at a distance. He has not formally participated in the circle, but a "preliminary conversation" about an hour. Contrary to custom, he did not sent to journalists.To tell his truths to Europe, he preferred an audience of bankers in another part of town.

Some did not take gloves to say that Europe has no lessons to learn. The United States, collapsing under the deficits should put their own house, says the Belgian Didier Reynders. "America has nothing to dictate when the person refuses flatly our suggestions," added the Austrian Maria Fekter. It is true that Tim Geithner repeated Friday his opposition front to the tax on financial transactions carried to Paris, Berlin and Brussels.

Decisions deferred

For the second time in eight days, Treasury Secretary left Europe empty-handed. Friday, the Europeans have made a face at her suggestion to "leverage" means the EFSF, the bailout fund for countries of the euro in difficulty."This is not a subject that is discussed with a country outside the EU," Jean-Claude Juncker meant. Same end of inadmissibility of the American idea of ​​supporting the growth of public funds "even a donkey does not stumble twice on the same stone, 'says Didier Reynders, convinced of the urgency to fight first against the deficits.

For the Americans as to Europeans, the European event in Wroclaw ends with a disturbing sense of incompleteness, even for emergencies. The Eurogroup has pushed to mid-October a decision on payment of 8 billion euros to Greece. He did not reach an agreement on guarantees that Finland requires Greece.

Solidarity and ecological travel. The idea is gaining ground in the minds of many tourists in the summer. This practice has a name very trend: the "sustainable tourism". According to the definition given by the World Tourism Organization (WTO), it is a holiday that "meets the needs of present tourists and host regions while protecting and enhancing opportunities for the future. "

Whether it's a humanitarian mission in Africa, a trek in the Sahara or the ascent of Kilimanjaro, this type of travel always organized around four themes, according to Yann Legendre, coordinator at Libertalia specialist stays abroad lasting. The first two are the exchange and outreach to the local economy. "Sustainable Travel, accommodation is homestay or in hotels, buy food at the local producer, operate a local bus," said he.Next is the protection of the environment. Specific example: instead of buying bottled water which may pollute the tour operator is investing in a filter pump. "We saved the purchase of 9,500 bottles last year," notes Libertalia. There remains one of the most important aspects: the local development projects. This is not a logic of love ", explained Yann Legendre. "We have identified local actors engaged in a dynamic project that we donate 30 to 60 euros per passenger," he adds.

For those who opt for sustainable tourism in the Hexagon, the basics are the same. In the villages of the network Cap France, vacationers are being such offer "kits picnic" without any packaging pollutant. They sort the waste, swim in heated pools with solar panels and eat fresh produce from local agriculture."This is a tourist friendly environment with a local proximity and social," says Jean-Michel Coeff, president of the network.

Contrary to popular belief, sustainable travel is not more expensive. "Investments are included gradually over time," says Jean-Michel Coeff. For trips abroad, the price stays is generally equivalent to those of traditional tour operators and even cheaper because the organizers did not pay any commission to providers or agencies over.

Boom offers

Since the early 2000s, the offers are multiplying on the web. Tour operators who are responsible are mostly from small associative structures are already active in the sector sustainable. But the traditional tour operators are also well represented on the niche, the image of Voyageurs du Monde instant payday loan lenders.The travel specialist tailor even claims to have adopted this approach for many years. "It's not just a fad, it is a binding approach we impose," said Frederic Lavaud, project sustainability. According to the latter, responsible tourism has become a corporate philosophy: "We have adopted a responsible for all travels. We check for instance that our partners pay their employees well. We have a corporate foundation which helps local people. In Asia, some of our destinations travelers take away the excluded villages now live a little better through these visits, "he adds. According to International Travelers, the client would become very attentive to these questions: "People are sensitive to the choice of partners and very critical if we are not in line with what we propose.This is progress. "

Libertalia confirms the trend: "Our customer base is doubling every year since 2007. There is a real awareness, a desire to return to the essence of the journey is the encounter and discovery. "

Credibility problem

Despite this enthusiasm, the trip is still a sustainable niche. According to the WTO, the 935 million tourists who took the road last year, it represents only a small portion still unencrypted. For if consciousness is actually at work, the acting out takes longer than expected. "There is still a gap between this important awareness and its translation in terms of holidays. For tourists, vacation means living without constraints. People do not want to be imposed on things, "admits Jean-Michel Coeff."And for some it is a concept bobo, an ecological cult," he adds.

This credibility problem, mentioned by several tour operators, requires the industry to organize. In 2004, a group of tour operators create the Association of Tour Operators Themes (ATT). The last issue to each operator audited by the certification body AFNOR label "Acting for Responsible Tourism (ATR)." But this system is far from unanimous. "The criteria are too light and too expensive certification" portion Libertalia who prefers to make his own evaluation grid. For its part, France Cape Town in 2004 launched his own label Owl Nature. In short, it is still difficult at the moment to see clearly.

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Wednesday afternoon, France is officially under the seal of "under budget". Unofficially, it is the rigor that is installed. The Greek crisis of July and the reaction of the markets in August precipitated decisions. Without waiting for the draft budget law for 2012 presented in September, the Hexagon has taken the lead in the face of nervous markets, which scan the microscope evolution curves finances.

After speaking with the social partners, having examined the proposals of the budget minister, Valérie Pécresse, and his colleague of Economy, Baroin, and after a final meeting Wednesday with arbitration the head of state, Francois Fillon will detail the efforts needed for France to respect its commitments.

Paris has in fact promised to bring its public deficit of 5.7% of GDP this year to 4.6% next year and 3% in 2013.Objectives "soft," insists the Prime Minister. And have become even more complicated to keep that growth, which has a breathing hole world in recent months, could not keep its promises. First equation to solve for the executive, what new growth assumption adopted for next year? Currently set at 2.25%, it could be lowered around 2% but the final decision will be refereed by Nicolas Sarkozy on Wednesday.

Whatever the figure used is a real austerity to be announced in the wake. The principle consists in an "effort equitably distributed among the wealthy households and the less affluent, but also between large companies and small companies," says Is there at Bercy.According to the Social Partners to Fillon who spoke Monday night, the government prepares to announce 3 to 4 billion in savings for 2011 – an order of magnitude as the Department's budget did not confirm Tuesday – and about ten billion 2012.

Precautionary reserves

This effort will break down between cuts on spending and tax measures. Regarding the latter aspect, the government does not lack ideas.Changing the tax exemption of overtime, tax on higher income, higher social package for businesses, real decrease in certain benefits … "In our sorrow, we have the advantage of having an incredible addition to spending, wealthy in some cases, "explained Baroin, mid-August, citing a total of 75 billion euros of tax loopholes and $ 45 billion social niches.

On the expenditure side, Bercy asked departments to provide an extra effort this year. The reason: the frigate affair of Taiwan, which requires the state to pay 460 million euros.To avoid this expenditure is widening the gap, saving the same amount will be made.

More precisely, the departments may not use funds they have traditionally used to spend at year end by drawing on reserves of precaution put in place earlier this year. Defense will be particularly drawn upon.

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Operation seduction for Joe Biden. The U.S. vice president, who loop a five-day official visit to China, wanted to reassure foreign creditors first in Washington on the economic strength of the United States. Americans "have never been in default and never will be," he said Sunday.

According to Joe Biden, even if the agreement signed last moment three weeks ago by Congress to prevent this disaster has cost the country a deterioration in its S & P notes, "The United States remains the best option to invest."

The message is "clear"

Beijing, which holds nearly 1.17 trillion dollars of U.S. debt, had been very critical of the U.S. government after the historic decision of the rating agency. The country was particularly called on Americans to stop living above their means.

The visit of U.S. Vice President in China, entirely focused on the issue of U.S. debt and the solidity of the world's largest economy, appears to have reassured. "You have sent a clear message to the Chinese public, that the United States will keep their promises and their commitments to their sovereign debt," has said Premier Wen Jiabao. This will ensure the safety, liquidity and value of good Americans. " The Chinese leader also claims to have "full confidence in the fact that the U.S. will overcome their difficulties and put their economy back on track for healthy growth."

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On the front of the consumer, the month of June was not enough to save a lackluster quarter. Household spending rose 1.2% in June, the INSEE report, after declining 0.3% in May The quarter (April to June), the index of consumption fell 1.8%. This figure could have been worse: INSEE revised sharply upward the month of May, where consumption fell by only 0.3% instead of 0.8% as previously estimated.

If in June, the index of consumption has recovered, it is "largely by the increase in durable goods and textile and leather," says INSEE. The first of these two categories, rising 2.5% over the month, thanks to automobile purchases, which rose by 2.2%. But this increase does not offset the decline from 11.2% over the entire quarter.A figure beating down all durable goods, down 6 guaranteed approval cash advance loans.3% over this period, after rising 2.2% earlier this year.

The timing of sales, which began very early, has also supported consumption in June. Textiles and leather saw its sales jump by 4.3% over the month. Throughout the second quarter, this item was down 0.3%. Moreover, "the rebound in spending on household equipment (3.8%) bodes well for the construction Stirrers, even if denrier remains depressed," says Camille Williencourt, economist at Natixis.

Traditional engine of French growth, consumption at half-mast over the quarter bodes well for slower growth over this period, after the strong rebound early in the year (+0.9%). Societe Generale table for his part in an inert quarterly growth of 0.1%.