Each has experienced: it is always extremely difficult to move from average to a respectable level of excellence, whether you are a pianist or a tennis player. The same is true for nations attain the status of "rich country" is not a foregone conclusion. Even when recording a growth of 10% per annum, and for three decades, which has enabled the Chinese to multiply their individual standard of living in a little over a generation.
Economic development is certainly not an exact science, but the trees do not ascend to heaven. Even in the jungle of state capitalism. There is no example in history where the growing disheveled inflected not only from a certain stage.By examining the career of some forty countries since the Second World War, Barry Eichengreen, Donghyun Kwanho Shin Park and discovered that the expansion slows inexorably past the threshold of 16,740 dollars to the GDP (gross domestic product) per capita. Anxious to establish historical comparisons, the three economists have reduced all data in constant currency (dollars at 2005 prices). Their study is published by the NBER (When Fast Growing Economies Slow Down: International Evidence and Implications for China).
This law, the French and their European neighbors have suffered in the early 1970s. In France, 1973 has been the hinge, GDP individual having reached 16,904 dollars. Over the past seven years – the reign of De Gaulle and Pompidou – per capita growth was galloping at a rate of 4.6%.She fell to 2.2% during the seven-year following that of Valery Giscard d'Estaing, a decrease of 2.4% of scheme. The United States had known since 1968 a reversal of the same nature and magnitude slightly higher (2.5%, according to calculations by three economists).
This break in France coincided with the first oil shock, which our countrymen seem to have still not delivered. Since then, it has ceased to lament the state of "crisis". The French have not realized that they had recently experienced a "golden age a quarter century of rapid growth inaugurated by the Marshall Plan and the postwar recovery," said Barry Eichengreen and his two confreres . Fourastie what John called the "Thirty Glorious Years".
China has a number of vulnerabilities
The scenario is in reality always the same: the reconstruction periods are marked by exceptional productivity gains.They do not constitute a sustainable standard. Farmworkers become industrial country imports the new technologies which increase its effectiveness. But once this revenue exhausted, we must innovate and find other vectors of prosperity. Furthermore the threshold of 16,740 dollars, all three economists put forward another concept: things become more difficult when a country obtains a level equivalent to 57% of GDP in the most advanced economy, one that portrays "on the technological frontier "(the United States in this case).
For its part, China still seems quite distant from these two criteria, especially the second (the Chinese GDP was only 19.7% that of the U.S. in 2007). But should it maintain its annual rate of 10%, it would affect the level of fateful 16,740 dollars per capita in 2014. The danger zone is reached in just three years.Barry Eichengreen prognostic so that "a significant slowdown in Chinese growth is imminent."
It is even more positive that China presents to him a number of vulnerabilities, making the course more difficult to cross than others. The observation of the forty countries studied shows that the transition is particularly difficult for a country to an authoritarian political regime, the industrial workforce is over 20% of the workforce and has a weak currency. Korea offers the previous "one centered on manufacturing exports and helped by an undervalued currency, with a consequent sharp fall in its expansion in the 1990s, culminating in the 1997 financial crisis.
Brazil is a land of opportunity
The study envisages a significant shift for China's annual growth would average between 6.1% and 7% over the decade, and would fall another notch (5% to 6.2% between 2021 and 2030 ). Barry Eichengreen believes that "Chinese authorities are convinced that a slowdown will intervene." Beijing seems sincere when he sets a target of 7% annual growth for the five-year plan 2011-2015.
The new emphasis on domestic demand and services, instead of all bet on the industry and export, is designed to circumvent the curse that threatens the country catch up. Many of them never get out of the "middle income trap" (around 16,500 dollars) for lack of a successful transformation.What they think the French have managed to "obtain the status of high-income countries" and since 1973 the GDP per capita has more than doubled. However, this is not the case in Latin America, said Barry Eichengreen. "Brazil is a country of the future and will remain" in the words attributed to General de Gaulle in the 1960s.
Fears over demand are installed
The threshold of $ 105 a barrel was saved just in New York. Only two sessions on Monday and Tuesday, a barrel of light sweet crude for May delivery lost nearly 6% to U.S. $ 106.25 while Brent North Sea abandoned 3.06 $ 120 , $ 92.
Investors have been troubled by a note of surprise the U.S. bank Goldman Sachs sent its clients and unveiled on the markets. It announced the closure of its positions to purchase a basket of commodities, including oil, saying that rising prices would lead to lower demand. His call to take profits was reinforced by the report of the IMF and the IEA. The first has already revised down its forecast by 0.2 percentage point growth in the U.S. economy for 2011 to 2.8%.As to the second, it confirms in its monthly report the existence of a "real risk that oil is now over $ 100 a barrel is not compatible with the pace of economic recovery." "If oil prices remain at these levels sustained for 110-113 dollars and beyond, it has a good chance of derailing the economic recovery," confirmed Ilczyszyn Rich, the manager of Lind-Waldock.
However, the second part of the week was marked by an abrupt reversal of the market despite the announcement of a further rise in crude inventories in the United States. Again, the combined action of the weak dollar and renewed tension in Libya, explains the movement. Moreover, the operators had their eyes on Nigeria, where presidential elections were held Saturday.Largest producer of crude oil in Africa, eighth largest exporter, the country was the scene of violence, often directed against oil installations in the Niger Delta. "This amounts to asking who is next. As a producer, should be monitored Nigeria: the political uncertainty is not a source of stability for the prices, "stated Rich Ilczysyn, Lind-Waldock.
Friday on the New York Mercantile Exchange (Nymex), a barrel of light sweet crude ended at 109.66 dollars, while London Brent went back to 123.53 dollars. Prudence, however, remained in order. "There is a reluctance on the part of brokers to have too many positions to purchase more than 120-125 dollars a barrel because they know what the IEA says is true beyond 100 dollars it raises questions.At more than 120-125 dollars it raises serious questions about the impact of oil prices on the economy, "warns Adam Sieminski of Deutsche Bank.
Precious metals
Gold continues to race ahead
The gold and silver, however, have not declined. The yellow metal has soared for the first time in its history, the threshold of 1480 to $ 1487.65 dollars an ounce Friday. The same day, silver touched the 42.84 dollars per ounce, a level not seen since February 1980.
The reasons for this rise does not change. There is first of all the renewed concern around European debts. The markets are marked by speculation about a possible restructuring of the Greek debt, while Moody's has once again deteriorated note of Ireland. Then the inflationary world.The latest example: China, which reported a rise in consumer prices of 5.4% in March. Inflation Up 0.5% in the U.S. and 2.7% in the eurozone. Finally, the accommodative policy of the U.S. central bank, which accentuates the phenomenon of inflation, contributes most to the decline of the dollar. But the weak dollar is also a factor in higher prices because it favors purchases. At all these factors added pressure on gold demand from China and India.
On the London Bullion Market, gold finished Friday at 1476.65 dollars at auction in the afternoon, and the gray metal closed at 42 fast cash now.67 dollars per ounce. The analysts at research firm GFMS now anticipate an ounce of gold exceeding $ 1,600 by the end of the year. The ounce of silver should his side reach 50 dollars.
The platinum metals have however suffered from the note from Goldman Sachs.On the London Platinum and Palladium Market, an ounce of platinum closed lower Friday at 1,787 dollars per ounce while palladium finished at 772 dollars.
Base Metals
Base metals neglected
On the London Metal Exchange, industrial metals have also been a tough week. Copied their movements with those of the oil markets, prices fell $ 7 on the first two sessions of the week, also penalized by the note from Goldman Sachs.
The red metal finished Friday at 9419 dollars, down from 2.86%, despite a likely reinforcement tensions on supply (mining giant Rio Tinto announced a fall of 14% of its production in the first quarter and expects down 21% over the year).
In the fall, copper has resulted in the lead (-5.11% for the week) and nickel (-3.04%).The latter also suffered from the announcement of a production surplus of 600,000 tonnes on the market after a note by the International Study Group on Nickel (INSG). Going against the tide, tin exploded his previous record by climbing to 33,600 dollars per tonne on Monday. But the increase should not continue because of the resumption of exports from Indonesia, world's biggest exporter, which had been disrupted by bad weather.
Overall, traders should remain cautious on the LME. China, world's largest consumer, has sent conflicting signals Friday announcing both a rise in industrial production (+14.4%) and inflation of 5.4% leaving consider a further strengthening of monetary policy.
Agricultural materials
Côte d'Ivoire still worried
Cocoa prices have begun to put together after losing nearly 10%.However, the arrest earlier this week of outgoing President Laurent Gbagbo and the announcement of an immediate resumption of exports would have led to lower prices. Because they are nearly 10% of global demand for cocoa which will be on the market the next few weeks. But the operators are already focused on the effect of political events. They fear in particular that the president Alassane Ouattara fails to pacify his country as he promised and restart the economy, including banks, the pillars of supply chain finance bean brown.In this context, the announcement of a 3.5% increase in demand by the European Cocoa Association has added to rising cours.Sur Liffe in London, a tonne of cocoa for July delivery finished to 1972 pounds (2.65%) while on the NYBOT-ICE U.S., the contract for the same period was worth 3248 dollars (8.67%).
Their sides, coffee prices went up significantly, driven by limited supply and consumption robust. In London, a tonne of Robusta for July delivery finished at 2463 dollars while in New York, the pound of Arabica for May delivery was trading at 287.75 cents in New York.
In contrast, good production prospects in Brazil and Thailand have tripped sugar prices in London to 697.40 pounds and 24.85 cents in New York.
Side grain on the Chicago Board of Trade, a bushel of corn for May delivery rose in Monday meeting new level of 7.8375 dollars before retreating to 7.42 dollars on Friday. The threshold of 7.50 should be maintained as looming pressures on supply due to a wet spring in the United States. A bushel of soybeans and a bushel of wheat for the same maturity respectively closed the week to 13.33 dollars and 7.4450 dollars.
Affected by the crisis of the disc labels would they even dream? Two months after the sale of Warner Music Edgar Bronfman Jr., the prospective takeover of the major U.S. seem to shake the door of the bank Goldman Sachs.
Live Nation, the giant concert organization, claiming to be the last time, revealed the Wall Street Journal and the New York Post on Friday. It is well to mark the seventh interest in Warner, after BMG Music Publishing, Sony, the investment fund of billionaire Poju Zabludowicz Tamaris, the fund's billionaire Russian-American Len Blavatnik, the fund Yucaipa Ron Burkle, Platinum Equity or Permira.
But Live Nation has very different interests of the latter.While it is primarily the catalog of Warner Chappell, and revenue from the exploitation of rights, which attracted investors such as BMG, Turner lurks on the production activity of the recorded music major.
The latter would, in effect, expand Live Nation offer, which already covers much of the music profession. Organizer of 20,000 concerts a year, Live Nation has gained a foothold in the ticket purchasing Ticketmaster last year. The group also controls the company Front Line, which specializes in artist management. Live Nation has, moreover, of working in merchandising and merchandising cashadvance. Finally, via Live Nation Network, Turner also holds agreements between brands and artists.
Sales erode
All these activities play an increasing role in the artists' income, while sales of recorded music are being eroded.The acquisition of Warner Music at Live Nation would get their hands on the activity of recorded music. Less profitable, it remains a precondition to sell tickets for concerts, tours, T-shirts and management contracts. But the operation could thus face a denial of competition authorities. The shareholders of Warner Music could therefore be tempted by an offer of a simple competitive standpoint.
Another uncertainty, the financial position of Live Nation. The group posted a record loss of $ 228 million in 2010. The group has 165 million of free cash flow. According to the Financial Times, Live Nation could lean group Liberty Media, which owns 20% of Live Nation, to submit an offer.
All activities Warner (production and editing) is now valued at between 2.2 and 2.5 billion dollars.A price likely to decline while the major EMI, fell into the hands of his creditor, the bank Citigroup, should be placed on the market soon.
Traffic has become so complicated in Beijing, that the 12th Five Year Plan City (2011-2015) suggests that people "to live near their workplace to avoid congestion." Growth of 35% of the Chinese automotive market in 2010 has alarmed the Chinese authorities, who decided to limit fleet growth in the municipalities of East China (Beijing, Shanghai) this year by eliminating incentives for the purchase small cars.
However, analysts predict this year 10% to 15% growth for the automotive market. "The real question is whether this growth can ultimately provide a potential sale of 30 to 40 million units, vehicles and individuals alike," said Philippe Couderc, a partner at audit firm PwC Consulting.In one study, PwC discusses the difficulties of a political, social and economic, which will face the sector in the Middle Kingdom that qualify, however, that "the potential demand in China remains quite strong, given the disparities of the car density by Region. "
A slowdown is already visible in Beijing
According to figures announced by the China Association of Automotive Manufacturers (CAAM), sales of vehicles in China rose 9.71% to 3.16 million units during the first two months of 2011, compared to the same period last year. For passenger cars, the increase is even slightly higher (+10.5% to 2.5 million units). But compared to last year, this growth is down (-30%).According to CAAM, this decline would be more related to the cancellation of incentives adopted in 2009 by the Chinese government for the purchase of new vehicles. From 1 January 2011, the Ministry of Finance of the PRC has imposed a 10% tax on vehicles with engines of 1.6 liter or smaller engine.
The automobile market in the Chinese capital was also cooled by the announcement earlier this year of regulations aimed at limiting the number of new vehicles. Now the Department of Transportation in the city of Beijing will choose each month among the 20,000 cases filed applications for registration on its site to address them. In 2010, the same number of vehicles was recorded on average each week in the capital! "The backlash suffered by our industry seems inevitable," says a commin Xingya Feng, deputy director general of the Guangzhou branch of Toyota payday advance."We are expecting a sales decline of up to 70%.
Beijing, representing only 5% of the Chinese automotive market is not the only city to have introduced these measures limiting. In Shanghai, where the average wage is about 3,400 Chinese yuan (a little over 340 euros) per month, the license plates are auctioned since 2008, selling between 40,000 and 50,000 yuan (4000 to 5000 euros). This limits the number of new cars registered nearly 8,500 a month. Other measures to reduce the introduction of new vehicles in the coastal cities are expected during this year, according to PwC.
At the conquest of other Chinese regions
However, specialists and manufacturers are optimistic about the outlook for the automotive industry.
The German group Volkswagen, number two in China after General Motors increased its sales by 37% in 2010 to over 1.9 million vehicles and plans to invest 10.6 billion euros between 2011 and 2015 to strengthen its position in the Chinese market. "While the automotive market will decelerate in 2011, we expect a good performance in the years to come," said Karl-Thomas Neumann, CEO of Volkswagen Group China. The group has embarked on building a new plant in Yizheng (Jiangsu Province), which will be operational in 2013 and show an annual production of 300,000 vehicles.
PSA Peugeot Citroen, which produced and sold just over 360,000 vehicles in 2010 on the site of the Dongfeng plant in Wuhan (Hubei Province), remains optimistic about this year.French producer, who holds 3.3% of the Chinese auto market, is the 8% by 2015 and plans to build two assembly lines for cars in the Citroen car factory in Shenzhen Chang'an ( Guangdong Province).
"The automotive industry in China is also a way to show it belongs to a social class," says an industry expert on the Chinese automotive website CAAM. "Where such a desire of Chinese consumers to buy a car." Over the past 60 years, the length of roads in China has multiplied by 46, reaching 65,000 km in 2010.
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Always fans of humor and entertainment, the French have been especially sensitive to self-deprecating humor in advertising in 2010. The winners of the pub, presented Thursday by the Ipsos institute, is a perfect illustration. Of the twenty campaigns on television and billboards acclaimed by the French, most skillfully combines these different registers.
In parodying the advertising codes, the second series of spot-Orangina that puts particular scene wildlife Flush armpits or hair from more offbeat fruit juice-both amuses, entertains and desecrates consumption. The cocktail is perfect. It is signed in this saga of the agency Fred & Farid the top of the podium in television.To establish his record, Ipsos combines scores for approval and allocation (ability to correctly assign the viewer mark in advertising or on television, he cites an inherent feature of the spot).
Same jurisdiction of the dispute and / or self-deprecating campaigns also acclaimed for the small screen, like the Leclerc (signed Australia) which promotes the toothpaste without packaging by a blonde not so fair as that, or that of PMU-produced by Publicis Conseil, who announced his arrival in Paris by inviting athletes jockeys to sing their anthem on horseback at football or rugby. A new version of the campaign, always playful with jockeys, starts this Friday on TV.
"More than ever, people are wary of all forms of authority, decrypts Marie-Odile Duflo, CEO of Ipsos ASI.Discredit the authorities, exacerbated by revolts in Arab countries or the revelations of Wikileaks, leading consumers to regain control, even indirectly. "The ad is in that sense more attractive than another.
Breaking with boredom
On display to grab the attention and ensure proper storage, nothing beats the winks. Like the declination of the campaign "Come as You Are" McDonald's, which incorporates the traditional last box of Asterix albums to divert the feast of indomitable Gauls in a McDonalds restaurant. Increasingly integrated into the landscape hexagonal image of American fast food, a symbol of globalization, improved spell. This subtle approach had already been distinguished by the professionals at Crystal last Festival. It is the agency BETC Euro RSCG to be crowned in this category.The award winners also display the constancy of Trésor by Lancôme to celebrate the eternal feminine (Penélope Cruz signed with campaign Higher + Higher) or the invitation of Coca-Cola to project ourselves into his factory to happiness (Ogilvy & Mather). "Basically, the ads should be entertaining, said Vincent Leclabart, president of the agency Australia, winning four times in the TV awards, including Bonduelle, Leclerc and CIC, which all use the spring comedy. 80% of French people are not interested in the pub, which they regard as a source of trouble, according to the latest survey from TNS Advertising & Society. "
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Billionaires in the world have never been so numerous. And, with a fortune of 41 billion dollars, the French Bernard Arnault took fourth place in international rankings of 1210 established the very wealthy by Forbes magazine. The boss of LVMH ranks well behind Mexico's Carlos Slim (74 billion) and Americans Bill Gates (56 billion) and Warren Buffett (50 billion).
Within a year, the French businessman has moved from seventh to fourth place on the list of the richest men in the world. Bernard Arnault is even the richest in Europe. It must be said that the CEO of world number one luxury saw his fortune grow by $ 13.5 billion over the last twelve months and $ 24.5 billion over the past two years.The leader has particularly benefited from the recovery in the luxury sector for two years and particularly in Asia and emerging markets.
Fourteen French billionaires, including four in the top 100
The ranking of the world's first hundred fortunes of four French. Liliane Bettencourt, heir to the L'Oréal group, going from 17th to 15th in the world ranking, with 23.5 billion dollars. François Pinault, the former chairman of Pinault-Printemps-Redoute (PPR), won ten seats and is at 67th place with $ 11.5 billion.Serge Dassault, head of Dassault *, back to the 89th to the 96th place with a fortune estimated at $ 9.3 billion.
Ten other French are a Forbes billionaires: Jean-Claude Decaux (162nd in the world with 6 billion dollars), tied with Alain and Gerard Wertheimer, Chanel group, ahead of Alain Mérieux group BioMerieux (247th fortune with 4 bad credit personal loan lenders.3 billion), Xavier Niel (297th with 3.7 billion). Martin and Olivier Bouygues (304th with 3.6 billion dollars) and Pierre Bellon (393rd place with $ 2.9 billion) also appear in the first third of the world's richest billionaires.
The Honorary President of Adecco, Philippe Foriel-Destezet, monitors (459th with 2.5 billion dollars) while Vincent Bolloré (736th with $ 1.7 billion) No Reinold Geiger (879th with 1.7 billion) and Marc Ladreit de Lacharriere (1057, with 1.1 billion) are placed in the bottom.
United States: a factory billionaires idling
With 413 billionaires, the United States remains the largest producer of wealthy people in the world, but their weight becomes lower. Toutfeois, American Bill Gates have been leading the world rankings if he had not given much money to philanthropy.
Groups have generally benefited from the rebound in emerging markets like Carlos Sim, the king of Mexican telecommunications. In one year, the Mexican who weighs nearly 15% of the GDP of his country, increased its assets by more than 20 billion dollars.
Further evidence of this dynamic emerging markets: China has twice as many billionaires as last year. And Moscow is the city of the world's most populated by billionaires.
* The Dassault owns Le Figaro Group
Veolia CEO since late 2009, only to orders from Henri Proglio, CEO of EDF, he left the presidency last December, Antoine Frerot Friday presented the results of group services for local communities. 2010 net income of Veolia fell by 0.5% to 581 million euros. But its revenues, driven by higher prices of recycled materials, rose 2.5% to 34.8 billion euros. Recurring operating income stood at 2.1 billion euros, up 8.5%. Veolia has also finalized with the Deposit reconciliation between its subsidiary Transport and Transdev.
Le Figaro. – How do you see 2011?
Antoine Frerot. – We are confident, after better than expected in 2010.Encouraged by the positive trend from the end of 2010 we expect further organic growth and operating profit up 4% to 8% higher by at least two points to economic conditions. Our debt will not increase. We will continue with the plan of divestment of marginal, which has already amounted to 2.5 billion in two years: 4 billion euros of assets will be sold again by the end of 2013, including $ 1.3 billion this year. And we will accelerate the cost reduction program, which was last year exceeded our expectations with savings of 265 million euros. It will grow to 300 million per annum by 2013.
And then?
I want to give back to Veolia status company for profitable growth it had before the crisis. Regarding activity, the slope is already in the right direction. Turnover was up 4.7% in the fourth quarter of 2010.As the volumes of waste, the recovery is slow but confirms quarter after quarter.
Veolia how will he develop?
We must broaden our borders. We are positioned on areas of environmental services where demand is growing but supply is still scarce free credit score. In cleanliness, we will complete our network of treatment and recycling of toxic industrial waste in Europe and also in China, a country that has taken this issue head-on in the body. In water, we want to provide more support to major manufacturers in emerging countries. In energy, it is on the local production of energy from cogeneration and biomass, coupled with district heating, we will focus.
You expect acquisitions?
We rely primarily on organic growth, even if small purchases are not excluded.In three years, 6 to 7 billion euros will be earmarked for investments in our priority areas. Almost half will be allocated to contracts already signed, the other half will go to new projects.
Where is the proposed merger with EDF, Dalkia through your joint venture?
We are in the beginnings of an industrial partnership. It is too early to discuss the evolution of our partnership capital.
Is your business affected by the ongoing events in the Mediterranean countries?
No. Veolia has very little activity in Egypt, Libya and Tunisia.We are more present in Morocco and the Gulf countries.
Except for the nomination, your initiative, a unique boss at the helm, Transdev Veolia, you have not changed the management of Veolia?
I remind you that more than half the current members of the Executive Committee of Veolia was not part of a year ago and a half. Antoine Frerot, CEO of Veolia, presented Friday the group's results to local services.
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Zodiac? We never imagined a hostile transaction. A party Zodiac shareholders were not interested in our offer of alliance. We have turned the corner, "said Jean-Paul this Thursday Herteman, Safran, during the presentation of results 2010. The engine manufacturer is also active in the defense and security, has made a "good" performance last year's operating income increased 20% to 878 million euros and net income (group share) of 29% to 508 million euros from a turnover of 10.7 billion (+3%). Of debt, Safran found some leeway to make acquisitions "targeted".
But the attempt at rapprochement with Zodiac, equipment specialist, has failed."The story is perhaps not over," says Jean-Paul Herteman for the transaction retains its particular interest, especially in terms of synergies in electricity generation. His mastery is key in the great coming technological revolution in the manufacture of aircraft of the future, much quieter and more fuel efficient.
To play leading roles, Saffron seeking a partner or ally payday loan. "We are missing a few bricks in spite of our technological leadership positions on the engines and boxes, wiring, power electronics or electrical equipment of the most advanced programs, such as electric brakes for the Boeing B787, President Safran said. The group already supplies the engine of the C 919 Chinese, future rival of the A320 and B737, announced Thursday the creation of a joint venture with Comac, the builder, in the wiring.The C-919 as the Airbus A320 NEO (remotorized) will feature the Leap-X engine offering reduced fuel consumption by 15% compared with conventional devices. These aircraft will provide the transition until the new disruptive technologies are ready in 2025-2030.
To prepare for this "electric aircraft," Safran also has its own strengths. He launched the plan which provides Amp several hundred million equity investment in five to seven years ahead in technology for power generation.
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Feb
22
The articulation of the French nuclear industry is probably the greatest industrial complex issue to manage for the government. For months, governments are seeking a scheme that guarantees efficient operation, with clearly identified relationships between actors, EDF and Areva head. Monday at the Elysee Palace, Nicolas Sarkozy chaired a Council responsible for nuclear policy to formalize this new system. It issued its findings in stride. All the question marks in the industry are not addressed, particularly the issue of succession to the presidency Anne Lauvergeon of Areva. Similarly, nothing is said explicitly about the possible entry of EDF's capital even Areva, while the previous Council's nuclear policy, last summer, noted that this possibility should be studied.However, the Council on Monday gave a number of key for a better industrial organization and a secure supply of uranium. Finally, more than ever, it confirms EDF's role as leader of the industry, but not under any conditions.
• EDF pilot sector
In the eyes of the Council of nuclear policy, EDF, the first global nuclear electrician, must assume its responsibilities. In this context, the Council of nuclear policy installs a strategic committee of nuclear power, bringing together all actors in the nuclear industry. Minister of Energy will assume the presidency but the Vice-Presidency is entrusted to the CEO of EDF. Load therefore Proglio animate all French industry.The government does not want a repeat of the recent episode of steam generators, where EDF has openly challenged Areva.
• Three new reactors in the study
Nuclear Policy Council took note of the weakness of the French offer for medium-power reactors instant personal loans guaranteed. He asked Areva, EDF and GDF Suez to intensify their cooperation in the TDD, a third generation reactor of 1000 megawatts (cons for EPR 1650) and thus have it certified. The Commission notes that a study be launched to implement a tool of its kind in France. Currently, the only nuclear site in France for the Flamanville. The government, aware that China is the first global nuclear market (100 new reactors are planned over the next twenty years), imply that France is participating in this program successfully.EDF will be allowed to be developed with its Chinese partners a third generation reactor mégawwats of 1000.
• A partnership between EDF and Areva reactivated
Operationally, Areva and EDF are invited to operate more effectively on many issues: in addition to sharing lessons learned about the EPR, improved maintenance and operation of the park is a priority. In the background, extending the life of French power stations.
• Spin Areva mines
A new milestone was reached in the case of mining of Areva. While reaffirming that "this is a mining asset for Areva, the nuclear policy of the Council asks him to spin off. A step that should probably be followed by an opening of the capital.This spin will be "pre-examination and implementation of strategic and financial scenarios to ensure its development," the statement said. At this stage it is not said whether or not EDF will be allowed to enter the capital, while such a scenario is under consideration in the number of global electricity. Areva and EDF are, at present, only invited to conclude an agreement "to long-term supply of uranium EDF.
This is called an agreement snatching! A few hours of the end of the summit of G20 finance ministers of the richest countries of the world have finally reached an agreement on how to measure global economic imbalances. "It was not easy," acknowledged the French Finance Minister Christine Lagarde, who spoke of the discussions "frank and sometimes tense no fax cash advance." "But" fruitful "in the end.
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